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The first exercise:
In this exercise, we got acquainted with the basics of the code, each of its pieces, and what it is used for. Then each person chose a song and wrote a special code for the song, whose tones were reflected through the lights, its playback, and its speed. I chose an Arabic song by singer Mohamed Hamaki, called (Ma Balash).

The code for the song (Ma Balash):

//Define variables
//LED pins connected to:
const int Red_Led_Pin=3;

const int Yellow_Led_Pin=4;
const int Green_Led_Pin=5;

const int button_pin=7;
const int poten_pin= A0;

//define variable to hold value from potentiometer
int poten_val;
// define a boolean flag
bool button_state= false;

//function defenitions
void setup() {
  //Define the led pins as output so that they can light:
  pinMode(Red_Led_Pin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(Yellow_Led_Pin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(Green_Led_Pin, OUTPUT);
  //define the button pin as pullup so
it can act as a button:
  pinMode(button_pin,INPUT_PULLUP);
  //OPEN SERIAL COMMUNICATION WITH THE COMPUTER, SO WE CAN SEE THE POTENTIOMETERS
  Serial.begin(9600);

}

//Runing codes 
void loop() {
  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
  poten_val= analogRead(poten_pin);
  Serial.println(poten_val);
  delay(500);
  Serial.println(digitalRead(button_pin));
  delay(100);
  if(digitalRead(button_pin)==0){
    button_state = !button_state;
  }
  if(button_state== true)
  {

     poten_val=analogRead(poten_val);

    if (poten_val>=682)
    {
      digitalWrite(Red_Led_Pin,HIGH);
      digitalWrite(Yellow_Led_Pin,LOW);
      digitalWrite(Green_Led_Pin,LOW);
      
    }
    else if(poten_val>=341)
    {
      digitalWrite(Red_Led_Pin,HIGH);
      digitalWrite(Yellow_Led_Pin,HIGH);
      digitalWrite(Green_Led_Pin,LOW);
    }
    else{
      digitalWrite(Red_Led_Pin,HIGH);
      digitalWrite(Yellow_Led_Pin,HIGH);
      digitalWrite(Green_Led_Pin,HIGH);
    }
    delay(100);
  }
  else{
      digitalWrite(Red_Led_Pin,LOW);
      digitalWrite(Yellow_Led_Pin,LOW);
      digitalWrite(Green_Led_Pin,LOW);
  }

 

The second exercise:
In this exercise, I chose to do something that measures the distance. This was as a first step, and then I wanted to add more. I added a light and an alarm device, where when approaching it, the light lights up and an alarm sounds. The idea was successful and fun.

// defines pins numbers

const int Noor = 9;

const int Angel = 10;

const int Star = 11;

const int Done = 13;

 

// defines variables

long duration;

int distance;

int safetyDistance;


 

void setup() {

pinMode(Noor, OUTPUT); // Sets the Noor as an Output

pinMode(Angel, INPUT); // Sets the Angel as an Input

pinMode(Star, OUTPUT);

pinMode(Done, OUTPUT);

Serial.begin(9600); // Starts the serial communication

}


 

void loop() {

// Clears the Noor

digitalWrite(Noor, LOW);

delayMicroseconds(2);

 

// Sets the Noor on HIGH state for 10 micro seconds

digitalWrite(Noor, HIGH);

delayMicroseconds(10);

digitalWrite(Noor, LOW);

 

// Reads the Angel, returns the sound wave travel time in microseconds

duration = pulseIn(Angel, HIGH);

 

// Calculating the distance

distance= duration*0.034/2;

 

safetyDistance = distance;

if (safetyDistance <= 5){

  digitalWrite(Star, HIGH);

  digitalWrite(Done, HIGH);

}

else{

  digitalWrite(Star, LOW);

  digitalWrite(Done, LOW);

}

delay(400);

// Prints the distance on the Serial Monitor

Serial.print("Distance: ");

Serial.println(distance);

}

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Explanatory video while printing:

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